Iran will offer no leniency to “rioters,” though the public has a right to demonstrate, the head of the country’s judiciary said on Monday, January 5, following more than a week of sometimes-deadly protests. The remarks came after US President Donald Trump warned Iran would “get hit very hard by the United States” if the authorities killed more demonstrators.

Protests erupted on December 28 when shopkeepers in the capital Tehran staged a strike over high prices and economic stagnation. They have since spread to other cities and expanded to include political demands.

“I instruct the attorney general and prosecutors across the country to act in accordance with the law and with resolve against the rioters and those who support them… and to show no leniency or indulgence,” Gholamhossein Mohseni Ejei said, according to the judiciary’s Mizan news agency.

He went on to add that Iran “listens to the protesters and their criticism, and distinguishes between them and rioters.”

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called on Iran to respect the demonstrators’ right to peaceful protest, according to his spokesman Stephane Dujarric, underscoring “the need to prevent further casualties.”

“All individuals must be allowed to protest peacefully and express their grievances,” he said.

Economic demands

Demonstrations have taken place in 23 of Iran’s 31 provinces and affected, to varying degrees, at least 45 different cities, most of them small or medium-sized and concentrated in the west, according to an AFP tally based on official statements and media reports. At least 12 people have been killed since December 30 in localized clashes, including members of the security forces, according to official announcements.

According to Mizan, police intelligence officers in the capital have identified a suspected rioter hideout and seized “weapons, ammunition, and materials for making improvised explosive devices.”

Since the protests began, officials have publicly struck a conciliatory tone when it comes to protesters’ economic demands, while vowing to take a hard line against any chaos or destabilization. Iran’s economy has been hit hard by tough international sanctions, with the national currency, the rial, losing more than a third of its value against the US dollar over the past year and inflation in double digits.

On Sunday, the government announced a monthly allowance for every citizen to alleviate economic pressure, equivalent to around 3.5% of the average monthly wage. The reformist newspaper Arman Melli said Monday that the authorities had “heard the voices of the protesters,” while the conservative papers Javan and Kayhan accused the US and Israel of financially supporting rioters.

Speaking to reporters aboard Air Force One, Trump said the US was watching the situation “very closely.”

“If they start killing people like they have in the past, I think they’re going to get hit very hard by the United States,” he said on Sunday.

‘Aspirations for freedom’

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, meanwhile, said his country stood “in solidarity with the struggle of the Iranian people and with their aspirations for freedom.”

On Monday, Iranian foreign ministry spokesman Esmail Baqaei said at a press conference attended by AFP journalists that Israel was trying “to exploit the slightest opportunity to sow division and undermine our national unity.”

Iran’s General Prosecutor Mohammad Movahedi-Azad last week warned against “externally designed scenarios” to harness the protests, promising a “decisive response.”

Israel fought a 12-day war with Iran in June, which the US briefly joined with limited strikes on nuclear facilities.

Iran has experienced several outbreaks of nationwide protests in recent years, most notably in 2022 over the death in custody of Mahsa Amini over the alleged breach of Iran’s Islamic dress laws for women. So far, the current protests have not reached the same scale.